Mon, 01/04/2010 - 21:33

VMware Virtual Disk Alignment

Aligning the disk

The following steps must be performed to optimize and block align the virtual disk. This is critical because if the disk is misaligned, almost every read or write to the disk layer will result in a double or triple amount of IOs on the storage array. Storage IOps is typically the bottleneck within many virtual infrastructures, we certainly don’t want that! The following tip can be used to align virtual disks on Windows XP, Windows 2003, and various Linux distributions although I have been informed that some newer OS's along with vSphere alleviate this issue (Windows7/Windows Server 2008) and properly align at the 64k block boundary.

So grab your favorite Linux live-cd (I prefer Knoppix...pick your poison) and lets put this to rest. A bit of Linux background is needed to execute the following series of commands from a terminal once booted to the Linux live-cd of your choice.

- Create a new VM, and choose to create a new disk

- Connect the Knoppix ISO to the VM's virtual CD/DVD drive (http://www.knopper.net/knoppix-mirrors/index-en.html), and boot from it

- Open a Terminal, and enter the following commands

- su –

- fdisk –l

- (identify and take a mental note of the vdisk (usually /dev/sda)

- fdisk /dev/sda

- n (new partition)

- p (primary)

- 1 (partition number)

- enter (first block)

- enter (last block)

- a (make bootable)

- 1 (partition number)

- x (expert mode)

- b (change startblock)

- 1 (partition number)

- 128 (128 x 512 byte = 64k block alignment)

- w (write partition table changes to disk)

We're off to the races now w/ a properly 64k block aligned virtual disk to build a gold template. This should provide a good start for large scale VDI in not beating your storage array to death w/ unneeded I/O calculations.

Proper credit for this trick goes to the first person who can remind me where I wrote this note down from. It was a VDI blog post from some site I cannot seem to find anymore.

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